---
title: Once in summer when he was working alone in the garden, the day was… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Once in summer when he was working alone in the garden, the day was so warm he took his little cap off that the air might cool him. Who acts: boy, day, air. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Iron Hans, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, Iron Hans, sentence 73

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Once in summer when he was working alone in the garden, the day was so warm he took his little cap off that the air might cool him.

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**Who acts:** boy, day, air · **What happens:** work, be, take, cool · **To what, where:** little cap, boy

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Iron Hans. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, day, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:59:73
# text = Once in summer when he was working alone in the garden, the day was so warm he took his little cap off that the air might cool him.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	17	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	acl	_	_
8	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
23	off	off	ADP	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
27	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	cool	cool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | past · progressive | boy |  |  |  |  | in the garden; alone *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in garden=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | the day |  |  |  |  | once, warm *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **take** | past | boy | boy's little cap |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cap=Theme |
| 4 | **cool** | might | the air | boy |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent he=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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