---
title: A shepherd had a faithful dog, called Sultan, who was grown very old… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: A shepherd had a faithful dog, called Sultan, who was grown very old, and had lost all his teeth. Who acts: shepherd. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Old Sultan, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, Old Sultan, sentence 1

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A shepherd had a faithful dog, called Sultan, who was grown very old, and had lost all his teeth.

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**Who acts:** shepherd · **What happens:** have, call, grow, lose · **To what, where:** faithful dog, Sultan, teeth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Old Sultan. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:6:1
# text = A shepherd had a faithful dog, called Sultan, who was grown very old, and had lost all his teeth.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	Sultan	Sultan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
20	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	22	det:predet	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | a shepherd | a faithful dog |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a faithful dog *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **grow** | past · passive |  | Sultan |  |  |  | old *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **lose** | past · perfect | a shepherd *not said here* | shepherd's teeth |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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