--- title: Now Sultan had nobody he could ask to be his second but the shepherd… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics description: Now Sultan had nobody he could ask to be his second but the shepherd’s old three-legged cat; so he took her with him, and as the poor thing limped along with some trouble, she stuck up her tail straight in the air. Who acts: Sultan, cat. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Old Sultan --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/6/20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Grimms' Fairy Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/) / [Old Sultan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/6/) / 20 # Grimms' Fairy Tales, Old Sultan, sentence 20 Now Sultan had nobody he could ask to be his second but the shepherd’s old three-legged cat; so he took her with him, and as the poor thing limped along with some trouble, she stuck up her tail straight in the air. **Who acts:** Sultan, cat · **What happens:** have, ask, be, take, limp, stick up · **To what, where:** nobody, cat, poor thing, trouble, tail, air · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Old Sultan. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sultan, cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg2591:6:20 # text = Now Sultan had nobody he could ask to be his second but the shepherd’s old three-legged cat; so he took her with him, and as the poor thing limped along with some trouble, she stuck up her tail straight in the air. 1 Now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 2 Sultan Sultan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 nobody nobody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 3 obj _ _ 5 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 6 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 7 ask ask VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 8 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 9 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 11 cop _ _ 10 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 7 ccomp _ _ 12 but but CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 shepherd shepherd NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 15 ’s 's PART POS _ 14 case _ _ 16 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 17 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 19 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No 18 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 17 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 19 legged legged ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 22 so so ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 23 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 25 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 with with ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 30 as as ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 parataxis _ _ 34 limped limp VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 acl _ _ 35 along along ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 36 with with ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 38 det _ _ 38 trouble trouble NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 40 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 41 stuck stick VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 42 up up ADP RP _ 41 compound:prt _ _ 43 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ _ 44 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 45 straight straight ADV RB _ 48 advmod _ _ 46 in in ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 49 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Sultan | nobody | | | now | | tree rules | | 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | could | Sultan | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | | | | | | second *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **take** | past | Sultan | | cat | | | with wolf | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument she=Destination | | 5 | **limp** | participle | | the poor thing *not said here* | | some trouble | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along trouble=Trajectory | | 6 | **stick up** | past | cat | cat's tail | | the air | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tail=Theme in air=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/6/19/) - next →: [sentence 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/6/21/) - ↑ back to [Old Sultan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/6/)