--- title: The wolf and the wild boar were first on the ground; and when they e… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics description: The wolf and the wild boar were first on the ground; and when they espied their enemies coming, and saw the cat’s long tail standing straight in the air, they thought she was carrying a sword for Sultan to fight with; and every time she limped, they thought she was picking up a stone to throw at the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/6/21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Grimms' Fairy Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/) / [Old Sultan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/6/) / 21 # Grimms' Fairy Tales, Old Sultan, sentence 21 The wolf and the wild boar were first on the ground; and when they espied their enemies coming, and saw the cat’s long tail standing straight in the air, they thought she was carrying a sword for Sultan to fight with; and every time she limped, they thought she was picking up a stone to throw at them; so they said they should not like this way of fighting, and the boar lay down behind a bush, and the wolf jumped up into a tree. **Who acts:** wolf, locks, long tail, cat, way, boar · **What happens:** be, espy, come, see, stand, think · **To what, where:** ground, enemies, long tail, air, sword, time · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Old Sultan. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wolf, locks, long tail, cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg2591:6:21 # text = The wolf and the wild boar were first on the ground; and when they espied their enemies coming, and saw the cat’s long tail standing straight in the air, they thought she was carrying a sword for Sultan to fight with; and every time she limped, they thought she was picking up a stone to throw at them; so they said they should not like this way of fighting, and the boar lay down behind a bush, and the wolf jumped up into a tree. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 wolf wolf NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 boar boar NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 7 were be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 7 advmod _ _ 9 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ; ; PUNCT : _ 35 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 14 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 16 advmod _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 espied espy VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 advcl _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 enemies enemy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 19 coming come VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 16 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 25 ’s 's PART POS _ 24 case _ _ 26 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 28 standing stand VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 27 acl _ _ 29 straight straight ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 34 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 thought think VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 36 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 37 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 carrying carry VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 35 ccomp _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 41 for for ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 Sultan Sultan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 43 to to PART TO _ 44 mark _ _ 44 fight fight VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 advcl _ _ 45 with with ADP IN _ 44 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 46 ; ; PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 48 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 49 det _ _ 49 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 obl:unmarked _ _ 50 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 51 nsubj _ _ 51 limped limp VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 49 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 52 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 53 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 nsubj _ _ 54 thought think VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 parataxis _ _ 55 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 57 nsubj _ _ 56 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 57 aux _ _ 57 picking pick VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 54 ccomp _ _ 58 up up ADP RP _ 57 compound:prt _ _ 59 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 60 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 obj _ _ 61 to to PART TO _ 62 mark _ _ 62 throw throw VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 57 advcl _ _ 63 at at ADP IN _ 64 case _ _ 64 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 62 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 65 ; ; PUNCT , _ 68 punct _ _ 66 so so ADV RB _ 68 advmod _ _ 67 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 68 nsubj _ _ 68 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 conj _ _ 69 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 72 nsubj _ _ 70 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 72 aux _ _ 71 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 72 advmod _ _ 72 like like VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 68 ccomp _ _ 73 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 74 det _ _ 74 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 72 obj _ _ 75 of of SCONJ IN _ 76 mark _ _ 76 fighting fight VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 74 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 77 , , PUNCT , _ 81 punct _ _ 78 and and CCONJ CC _ 81 cc _ _ 79 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 80 det _ _ 80 boar boar NOUN NN Number=Sing 81 nsubj _ _ 81 lay lie VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 parataxis _ _ 82 down down ADV RB _ 81 advmod _ _ 83 behind behind ADP IN _ 85 case _ _ 84 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 85 det _ _ 85 bush bush NOUN NN Number=Sing 81 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 86 , , PUNCT , _ 90 punct _ _ 87 and and CCONJ CC _ 90 cc _ _ 88 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 89 det _ _ 89 wolf wolf NOUN NN Number=Sing 90 nsubj _ _ 90 jumped jump VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 81 conj _ _ 91 up up ADP RP _ 90 compound:prt _ _ 92 into into ADP IN _ 94 case _ _ 93 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 94 det _ _ 94 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 90 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 95 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | past | the wolf and the wild boar | | | the ground | | first *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on ground=Location | | 2 | **espy** | past | locks *= lock* | locks's enemies | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer enemy=Stimulus | | 3 | **come** | gerund | locks *= lock* *not said here* | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **see** | past | locks *= lock* *not said here* | the cat's long tail | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer tail=Stimulus | | 5 | **stand** | gerund | the cat's long tail *not said here* | | | the air | | straight *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in air=Location | | 6 | **think** *speech: other* | past | locks *= lock* | | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 7 | **carry** | past · progressive | cat | a sword | | | | for Sultan | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme | | 8 | **fight** | to-infinitive | cat *not said here* | | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **limp** | past | cat | every time *not said here* | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location time=Theme | | 10 | **think** *speech: other* | past | locks *= lock* | | | | time | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 11 | **pick up** | past · progressive | cat | a stone | | | | | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Topic | | 12 | **throw** | to-infinitive | cat *not said here* | | | | | at locks *= lock* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent at they=Destination | | 13 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | locks *= lock* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 14 | **not** **like** | should | locks *= lock* | this way | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot way=Theme | | 15 | **fight** | gerund | this way *not said here* | | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 16 | **lie down** | past | the boar | | | a bush | | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind bush=Location | | 17 | **jump up** | past | the wolf | | | | | into a tree *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into tree=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/6/20/) - next →: [sentence 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/6/22/) - ↑ back to [Old Sultan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/6/)