---
title: But the carter, grumbling to himself, ‘You make it the worse for me,… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But the carter, grumbling to himself, ‘You make it the worse for me, indeed! what can you do?’ cracked his whip, and drove his cart over the poor dog, so that the wheels crushed him to death. Who acts: carter, you, wheels. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Dog and the Sparrow, 
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Dog and the Sparrow, sentence 22

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But the carter, grumbling to himself, ‘You make it the worse for me, indeed! what can you do?’ cracked his whip, and drove his cart over the poor dog, so that the wheels crushed him to death.

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**Who acts:** carter, you, wheels · **What happens:** grumble, make, do, crack, drive, crush · **To what, where:** dog, stop, whip, cart

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Dog and the Sparrow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (carter, you, wheels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:9:22
# text = But the carter, grumbling to himself, ‘You make it the worse for me, indeed! what can you do?’ cracked his whip, and drove his cart over the poor dog, so that the wheels crushed him to death.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	carter	carter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	grumbling	grumble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	xcomp	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
20	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	23	obj	_	_
21	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
26	cracked	crack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
34	over	over	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	so	so	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
40	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nsubj	_	_
43	crushed	crush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
44	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	obj	_	_
45	to	to	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grumble** *speech: other* | gerund | the carter *not said here* |  | dog |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient |
| 2 | **make** | present | the carter | stop |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 3 | **do** | can | you |  |  |  |  | indeed *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 4 | **crack** | past |  | dog's whip |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location whip=Theme |
| 5 | **drive** | past |  | dog's cart |  |  |  | over the poor dog | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme cart=Trajectory |
| 6 | **crush** | past | the wheels | dog |  |  |  | to death *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent he=Patient to death=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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