---
title: The rocks heaved, the glaciers melted, and great masses of ice and s… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: The rocks heaved, the glaciers melted, and great masses of ice and snow came crashing down, shivering to fragments as they fall; it was a glorious Greenland summer night. Who acts: rocks, glaciers, great masses, masses. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Ninth 
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Ninth Evening, sentence 18

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rocks heaved, the glaciers melted, and great masses of ice and snow came crashing down, shivering to fragments as they fall; it was a glorious Greenland summer night.

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**Who acts:** rocks, glaciers, great masses, masses, defendant · **What happens:** heave, melt, come, crash down, shiver, fall · **To what, where:** glorious Greenland summer night

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Ninth Evening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rocks, glaciers, great masses, masses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:100:18
# text = The rocks heaved, the glaciers melted, and great masses of ice and snow came crashing down, shivering to fragments as they fall; it was a glorious Greenland summer night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heaved	heave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	glaciers	glacier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	melted	melt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
10	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	masses	mass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
17	crashing	crash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	xcomp	_	_
18	down	down	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	shivering	shiver	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	conj	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	fragments	fragment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
23	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
30	glorious	glorious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
31	Greenland	Greenland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
32	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heave** | past | the rocks |  |  |  |  |  | vn push-12 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **melt** | past | the glaciers |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **come** | past | great masses of ice and snow |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **crash down** | gerund | great masses of ice and snow *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **shiver** | gerund | great masses of ice and snow *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to fragments | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **fall** | present | masses *= mass* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **is a** | past | defendant | a glorious Greenland summer night |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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