---
title: I have witnessed the homage paid to her in the greatest cities of Eu… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: I have witnessed the homage paid to her in the greatest cities of Europe. Who acts: I, homage. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Eleventh Evening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Eleventh Evening, sentence 11

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I have witnessed the homage paid to her in the greatest cities of Europe.

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**Who acts:** I, homage · **What happens:** witness, pay · **To what, where:** Venus, greatest cities

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Eleventh Evening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, homage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:102:11
# text = I have witnessed the homage paid to her in the greatest cities of Europe.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	witnessed	witness	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	homage	homage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	greatest	great	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
12	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **witness** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pay** | past | the homage |  | Venus | the greatest cities of Europe |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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