---
title: He died in the coldness of the night: it was his farewell song that… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: He died in the coldness of the night: it was his farewell song that I heard. Who acts: nightingale, coldness, I. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Fourteenth Evening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Fourteenth Evening, sentence 3

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He died in the coldness of the night: it was his farewell song that I heard.

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**Who acts:** nightingale, coldness, I · **What happens:** die, be, hear · **To what, where:** farewell song

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Fourteenth Evening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nightingale, coldness, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:105:3
# text = He died in the coldness of the night: it was his farewell song that I heard.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	farewell	farewell	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obj	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | nightingale |  |  |  |  | in the coldness of the night | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in coldness=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** | past | coldness | nightingale's farewell song |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hear** | past | I | nightingale's farewell song |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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