---
title: He has stories in words and in tones; he has proverbs and snatches o… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: He has stories in words and in tones; he has proverbs and snatches of proverbs; songs which, like Runes laid under a dead man's tongue, force him to speak; and thus Popular Song tells of the land of his birth. Who acts: bird, songs, Popular Song. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Bird of Popular Song, sentence 24

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has stories in words and in tones; he has proverbs and snatches of proverbs; songs which, like Runes laid under a dead man's tongue, force him to speak; and thus Popular Song tells of the land of his birth.

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**Who acts:** bird, songs, Popular Song · **What happens:** have, lay, force, speak, tell, snatch · **To what, where:** stories, words, proverbs, Runes, tongue, bird · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Bird of Popular Song. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bird, songs, Popular Song), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:11:24
# text = He has stories in words and in tones; he has proverbs and snatches of proverbs; songs which, like Runes laid under a dead man's tongue, force him to speak; and thus Popular Song tells of the land of his birth.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	tones	tone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	proverbs	proverb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	snatches	snatch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	proverbs	proverb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
18	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	like	like	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Runes	rune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
23	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
24	under	under	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	's	's	PART	POS	_	27	case	_	_
29	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	force	force	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
32	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	40	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
37	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
38	Popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	Song	Song	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
40	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
46	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | bird | stories |  | words and tones |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present | bird | proverbs and snatches of proverbs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proverb=Patient |
| 3 | **lay** | participle |  | Runes *not said here* |  | a dead man's tongue |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent under tongue=Destination |
| 4 | **force** | infinitive | songs and Runes | bird |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | Popular Song |  |  |  |  | of the land of bird's birth | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **snatch** |  |  | proverbs |  |  |  |  | nom snatch «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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