---
title: There are gaps in the snowy mountains, the sun shines into the cleft… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: There are gaps in the snowy mountains, the sun shines into the clefts; spring is coming, the birds are returning, and new races are coming with the same home sounds in their hearts. Who acts: gaps, sun, spring, birds. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Bird
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Bird of Popular Song, sentence 52

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are gaps in the snowy mountains, the sun shines into the clefts; spring is coming, the birds are returning, and new races are coming with the same home sounds in their hearts.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gaps, sun, spring, birds, new races · **What happens:** be, shine, come, return · **To what, where:** snowy mountains, clefts

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Bird of Popular Song. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gaps, sun, spring, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:11:52
# text = There are gaps in the snowy mountains, the sun shines into the clefts; spring is coming, the birds are returning, and new races are coming with the same home sounds in their hearts.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gaps	gap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	snowy	snowy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	shines	shine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	clefts	cleft	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	returning	return	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
26	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	races	race	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
28	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	conj	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
32	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
33	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | gaps in the snowy mountains |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shine** | present | the sun | the snowy mountains *not said here* |  | the clefts |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mountain=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | present · progressive | spring |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **return** | present · progressive | the birds |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **come** | present · progressive | new races |  |  |  |  | with the same home sounds in races's hearts | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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