---
title: He had to take his father's place, to give orders, to act with energ… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: He had to take his father's place, to give orders, to act with energy, to help, and, at last, to go out into the world and earn his bread. Who acts: father. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Old Bachelor's Nightcap, with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Old Bachelor's Nightcap, sentence 139

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had to take his father's place, to give orders, to act with energy, to help, and, at last, to go out into the world and earn his bread.

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**Who acts:** father · **What happens:** have, take, give, act, help, go out · **To what, where:** place, orders, world, bread

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Old Bachelor's Nightcap. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:128:139
# text = He had to take his father's place, to give orders, to act with energy, to help, and, at last, to go out into the world and earn his bread.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
12	orders	order	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	act	act	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
29	out	out	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	into	into	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	earn	earn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
35	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | father |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | to-infinitive | father *not said here* | father's father's place |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme |
| 3 | **give** | to-infinitive | father *not said here* | orders |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Theme |
| 4 | **act** | to-infinitive | father *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with energy | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **help** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **go out** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the world |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **earn** | present |  | father's bread |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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