---
title: There lay the old bachelor, forsaken by all, and unable to help hims… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: There lay the old bachelor, forsaken by all, and unable to help himself. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Old Bachelor's Nightcap, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Old Bachelor's Nightcap, sentence 182

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There lay the old bachelor, forsaken by all, and unable to help himself.

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**What happens:** lie, forsake, help · **To what, where:** old bachelor, weather

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Old Bachelor's Nightcap. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:128:182
# text = There lay the old bachelor, forsaken by all, and unable to help himself.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bachelor	bachelor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	forsaken	forsake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past |  | the old bachelor |  | there |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bachelor=Theme |
| 2 | **forsake** | participle |  | the old bachelor *not said here* |  |  |  | by all | tree rules |
| 3 | **help** | to-infinitive |  | weather |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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