---
title: They were perhaps a little higher, and had windows; but the panes co… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: They were perhaps a little higher, and had windows; but the panes consisted of horn or bladder-skins, for glass was then too dear to have glazed windows in every house. Who acts: Hauschen, panes, glass. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Old Bachelor's Nigh
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Old Bachelor's Nightcap, sentence 6

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were perhaps a little higher, and had windows; but the panes consisted of horn or bladder-skins, for glass was then too dear to have glazed windows in every house.

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**Who acts:** Hauschen, panes, glass · **What happens:** be, have, consist, glaze · **To what, where:** windows, house

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Old Bachelor's Nightcap. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hauschen, panes, glass), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:128:6
# text = They were perhaps a little higher, and had windows; but the panes consisted of horn or bladder-skins, for glass was then too dear to have glazed windows in every house.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	panes	pane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	consisted	consist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	bladder	bladder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	skins	skin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
24	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	28	advmod	_	_
27	too	too	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	parataxis	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
30	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	aux	_	_
31	glazed	glaze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	advcl	_	_
32	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	35	det	_	_
35	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Hauschen |  |  |  |  | a little *obl:unmarked*; high, perhaps *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | Hauschen *not said here* | windows |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient |
| 3 | **consist** | participle | the panes |  |  |  |  | of horn or bladder skins | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | glass |  |  |  | then | dear *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **glaze** | to-infinitive · perfect | glass *not said here* | windows |  | every house |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent window=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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