---
title: All that the boy had heard of Old Preben and his wife seemed clearly… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: All that the boy had heard of Old Preben and his wife seemed clearly defined on the stone, and as he gazed on it, and glanced at the clear, bright moon shining in the pure air, it was as if the light of God's countenance beamed over His beautiful world. Who acts: boy, wife, clear bright moon, stone.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Old Grave-stone, sentence 42

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All that the boy had heard of Old Preben and his wife seemed clearly defined on the stone, and as he gazed on it, and glanced at the clear, bright moon shining in the pure air, it was as if the light of God's countenance beamed over His beautiful world.

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**Who acts:** boy, wife, clear bright moon, stone · **What happens:** hear, seem, define, gaze, glance, shine · **To what, where:** stone, pure air, beautiful world

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Old Grave-stone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, wife, clear bright moon, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:130:42
# text = All that the boy had heard of Old Preben and his wife seemed clearly defined on the stone, and as he gazed on it, and glanced at the clear, bright moon shining in the pure air, it was as if the light of God's countenance beamed over His beautiful world.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Preben	Preben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
14	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	defined	define	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	xcomp	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	gazed	gaze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	glanced	glance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
29	at	at	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
31	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
33	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
35	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	34	acl	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
41	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
42	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	cop	_	_
43	as	as	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	parataxis	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
48	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	's	's	PART	POS	_	48	case	_	_
50	countenance	countenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obl	_	_
51	beamed	beam	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	parataxis	_	_
52	over	over	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
53	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	55	nmod:poss	_	_
54	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
55	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past · perfect | the boy |  |  |  |  | of Old Preben | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of preben=Stimulus |
| 2 | **seem** | past | boy's wife |  |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 3 | **define** | participle | boy's wife *not said here* |  |  | the stone |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **gaze** | past | boy |  |  |  |  | on stone | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on it=Theme |
| 5 | **glance** | past | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the clear bright moon | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at moon=Theme |
| 6 | **shine** | gerund | the clear bright moon *not said here* |  |  | the pure air |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location |
| 7 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | stone |  |  |  |  | as the light | tree rules |
| 8 | **beam** | past |  |  |  | moon's beautiful world |  | of God's countenance | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over world=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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