---
title: "Any one can see that it is a grave-stone," said the eldest of the c… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: "Any one can see that it is a grave-stone," said the eldest of the children; "the representation of an hour-glass and part of the figure of an angel can still be traced, but the inscription beneath is quite worn out, excepting the name 'Preben,' and a large 'S' close by it, and a little farther down
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Old Grave-stone, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Any one can see that it is a grave-stone," said the eldest of the children; "the representation of an hour-glass and part of the figure of an angel can still be traced, but the inscription beneath is quite worn out, excepting the name 'Preben,' and a large 'S' close by it, and a little farther down the name of 'Martha' can be easily read.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** one, stone · **What happens:** see, be, say, trace, wear out, except · **To what, where:** grave stone, representation, inscription beneath, name, hour glass, angel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Old Grave-stone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:130:8
# text = "Any one can see that it is a grave-stone," said the eldest of the children; "the representation of an hour-glass and part of the figure of an angel can still be traced, but the inscription beneath is quite worn out, excepting the name 'Preben,' and a large 'S' close by it, and a little farther down the name of 'Martha' can be easily read.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	ccomp	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	eldest	eld	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	15	ccomp	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
22	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	representation	representation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
27	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	angel	angel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
38	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
39	still	still	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
40	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	aux:pass	_	_
41	traced	trace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
43	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	inscription	inscription	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	_
46	beneath	beneath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nsubj:pass	_	_
47	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	49	aux:pass	_	_
48	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	_
49	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	82	advcl	_	_
50	out	out	ADP	RP	_	49	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
52	excepting	except	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	49	advcl	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	obj	_	_
55	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	56	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	Preben	Preben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	52	punct	_	_
59	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	61	cc	_	_
60	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
61	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	conj	_	_
62	'S	's	PART	POS	_	61	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	64	punct	_	_
64	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	61	conj	_	_
65	by	by	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
66	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	64	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
68	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	71	cc	_	_
69	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	70	det	_	_
70	little	little	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	71	advmod	_	_
71	farther	far	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	49	advmod	_	_
72	down	down	ADP	IN	_	74	case	_	_
73	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	74	det	_	_
74	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
75	of	of	ADP	IN	_	77	case	_	_
76	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	77	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
77	Martha	Martha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	74	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
78	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	77	punct	_	_
79	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	82	aux	_	_
80	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	82	aux:pass	_	_
81	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	82	advmod	_	_
82	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
83	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** *in a quote* | can | any one |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | stone | a grave stone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **trace** *in a quote* | can · passive |  | the representation of a hour glass and part of the figure of a angel |  |  | still |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **wear out** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | the inscription beneath |  |  |  | down the name of Martha; far *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source |
| 6 | **except** *in a quote* | gerund |  | the name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **read** *in a quote* | can · passive |  |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V» |
| 8 | **represent** *in a quote* |  |  | a hour glass and part of the figure of a angel |  |  |  |  | nom representation «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 9 | **figure** *in a quote* |  |  | a angel |  |  |  |  | nom figure «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 10 | **name** *in a quote* |  |  | Martha |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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