---
title: I often lent him books--good books; and you may know by the company… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: I often lent him books--good books; and you may know by the company he keeps. Who acts: I, you, blacking. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Ole the Tower-keeper, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Ole the Tower-keeper, sentence 14

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I often lent him books--good books; and you may know by the company he keeps.

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**Who acts:** I, you, blacking · **What happens:** lend, know, keep · **To what, where:** books, blacking, company

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Ole the Tower-keeper. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, you, blacking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:135:14
# text = I often lent him books--good books; and you may know by the company he keeps.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | past | I | books and good books | blacking |  |  | often *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient book=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | may | you |  |  |  |  | by the company | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **keep** | present | blacking | the company *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent company=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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