--- title: The country people say that this appearance is caused by lightning;… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics description: The country people say that this appearance is caused by lightning; but I will tell you what the sparrow says, and the sparrow heard it from an old willow-tree which grew near a field of buckwheat, and is there still. Who acts: country people, lightning, I, sparrow. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Han --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/14/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/) / [The Buckwheat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/14/) / 2 # Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Buckwheat, sentence 2 The country people say that this appearance is caused by lightning; but I will tell you what the sparrow says, and the sparrow heard it from an old willow-tree which grew near a field of buckwheat, and is there still. **Who acts:** country people, lightning, I, sparrow, old willow tree · **What happens:** say, cause, tell, hear, grow, be · **To what, where:** appearance, you, old willow tree, field · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Buckwheat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (country people, lightning, I, sparrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg27200:14:2 # text = The country people say that this appearance is caused by lightning; but I will tell you what the sparrow says, and the sparrow heard it from an old willow-tree which grew near a field of buckwheat, and is there still. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 that that SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 6 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 7 det _ _ 7 appearance appearance NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 caused cause VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 ccomp _ _ 10 by by ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 lightning lightning NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 but but CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 14 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 15 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 17 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 iobj _ _ 18 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 21 obj _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 sparrow sparrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 sparrow sparrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 26 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 27 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ _ 28 from from ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 29 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 30 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 31 willow willow NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 32 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 33 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 34 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 35 nsubj _ _ 35 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 acl:relcl _ _ 36 near near ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 39 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 buckwheat buckwheat NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 43 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 44 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 43 expl _ _ 45 still still ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 46 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the country people | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **cause** | present · passive | lightning | this appearance | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | | 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | future | I | | you | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the sparrow | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic | | 5 | **hear** | past | the sparrow | appearance | | a old willow tree | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent it=Topic from tree=Source | | 6 | **grow** | past | a old willow tree | | | a field of buckwheat | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near field=Location | | 7 | **be** | present | | | | there | still | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/14/1/) - next →: [sentence 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/14/3/) - ↑ back to [The Buckwheat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/14/)