---
title: Alas! what have I done?" he sighed; "I have sinned like Adam, and th… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Alas! what have I done?" he sighed; "I have sinned like Adam, and the garden of paradise has sunk into the earth." Who acts: I, prince. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Garden of Paradise, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Garden of Paradise, sentence 250

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alas! what have I done?" he sighed; "I have sinned like Adam, and the garden of paradise has sunk into the earth."

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**Who acts:** I, prince · **What happens:** do, sigh, sin, sink · **To what, where:** garden, earth

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Garden of Paradise. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:140:250
# text = Alas! what have I done?" he sighed; "I have sinned like Adam, and the garden of paradise has sunk into the earth."
1	Alas	alas	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	obj	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	sighed	sigh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	sinned	sin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	ccomp	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Adam	Adam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	paradise	paradise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	sunk	sink	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
26	into	into	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 2 | **sigh** *in a quote* | past | prince |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **sin** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  | like Adam | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **sink** | present · perfect · passive |  | the garden of paradise |  | the earth |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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