---
title: He saw the human race wither and fall like leaves from the tree; he… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: He saw the human race wither and fall like leaves from the tree; he saw new men come to fill their places, but the leaves that fell off never sprouted forth again; they crumbled to dust or were absorbed into other plants. Who acts: Solomon, new men, leaves. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christi
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Philosopher's Stone, sentence 22

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He saw the human race wither and fall like leaves from the tree; he saw new men come to fill their places, but the leaves that fell off never sprouted forth again; they crumbled to dust or were absorbed into other plants.

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**Who acts:** Solomon, new men, leaves · **What happens:** see, fall, come, fill, fall off, not sprout · **To what, where:** human race wither, tree, places, other plants · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Philosopher's Stone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Solomon, new men, leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:143:22
# text = He saw the human race wither and fall like leaves from the tree; he saw new men come to fill their places, but the leaves that fell off never sprouted forth again; they crumbled to dust or were absorbed into other plants.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	wither	wither	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Typo=Yes|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
17	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	fill	fill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
30	off	off	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	_
31	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	32	advmod	_	_
32	sprouted	sprout	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	advcl	_	_
33	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	again	again	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
36	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	crumbled	crumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
39	dust	dust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	xcomp	_	_
40	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
41	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux:pass	_	_
42	absorbed	absorb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	37	conj	_	_
43	into	into	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Solomon | the human race wither |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wither=Stimulus |
| 2 | **fall** | present | Solomon *not said here* |  |  | the tree |  | like leaves | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from tree=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **see** | past | Solomon |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **come** | present | new men |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **fill** | to-infinitive | new men *not said here* | leaves's places |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent place=Patient |
| 6 | **fall off** | past | the leaves |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 7 | **not** **sprout** | participle | the leaves *not said here* |  |  |  | again | forth *property* | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |
| 8 | **crumble** | past | leaves *= leaf* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 9 | **dust** | to-infinitive | leaves *= leaf* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 10 | **absorb** | past · passive | leaves *= leaf* *not said here* |  |  | other plants |  |  | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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