---
title: Both of these were in the letter which brought the news that his fat… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Both of these were in the letter which brought the news that his father was dead, and that his mother was alone now. Who acts: Both, letter, father, mother. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Porter's Son, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Porter's Son, part 2, sentence 41

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Both of these were in the letter which brought the news that his father was dead, and that his mother was alone now.

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**Who acts:** Both, letter, father, mother · **What happens:** be, bring · **To what, where:** letter, news

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Porter's Son, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Both, letter, father, mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:147:41
# text = Both of these were in the letter which brought the news that his father was dead, and that his mother was alone now.
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	1	nmod	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
24	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Both |  |  | the letter |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | past | the letter | the news |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent news=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | thing's father |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | thing's mother |  |  |  | now | alone *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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