---
title: "You have become quite an Italian," said the General's lady, "and I… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: "You have become quite an Italian," said the General's lady, "and I presume you speak the language like a native?" Who acts: You, lady, little Master George. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Porter's Son, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Porter's Son, part 2, sentence 83

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"You have become quite an Italian," said the General's lady, "and I presume you speak the language like a native?"

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**Who acts:** You, lady, little Master George · **What happens:** become, say, presume, speak · **To what, where:** language · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Porter's Son, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, lady, little Master George), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:147:83
# text = "You have become quite an Italian," said the General's lady, "and I presume you speak the language like a native?"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	General	General	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	presume	presume	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	like	like	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	native	native	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** *in a quote* | present · perfect | You |  |  |  |  | italian *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the General's lady |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **presume** *in a quote* | infinitive | Our little Master George *= george* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | infinitive | you | the language |  |  |  | like a native | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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