---
title: Flowers and leaves had fallen, but there stood the tree covered with… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Flowers and leaves had fallen, but there stood the tree covered with hoar frost, looking like a single huge branch of coral, and the moon shone clear and large among the twigs, unchanged in its changings, as it was when George divided his bread and butter with little Emily. Who acts: Flowers, moon. 
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Porter's Son, part 3, sentence 45

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Flowers and leaves had fallen, but there stood the tree covered with hoar frost, looking like a single huge branch of coral, and the moon shone clear and large among the twigs, unchanged in its changings, as it was when George divided his bread and butter with little Emily.

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**Who acts:** Flowers, moon · **What happens:** fall, stand, cover, look, shine, be · **To what, where:** tree, twigs

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Porter's Son, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Flowers, moon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:148:45
# text = Flowers and leaves had fallen, but there stood the tree covered with hoar frost, looking like a single huge branch of coral, and the moon shone clear and large among the twigs, unchanged in its changings, as it was when George divided his bread and butter with little Emily.
1	Flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
9	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	hoar	hoar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	coral	coral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
30	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	xcomp	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	conj	_	_
33	among	among	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	twigs	twig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	unchanged	unchanged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	changings	changing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
42	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	47	mark	_	_
43	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	nsubj	_	_
44	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	cop	_	_
45	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	47	advmod	_	_
46	George	George	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	nsubj	_	_
47	divided	divide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
48	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	49	nmod:poss	_	_
49	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obj	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
51	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	conj	_	_
52	with	with	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
54	Emily	Emily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past · perfect | Flowers and leaves |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stand** | past | Flowers and leaves *not said here* | the tree |  | there |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer tree=Stimulus |
| 3 | **cover** | participle |  | the tree *not said here* |  |  |  | with hoar frost | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with frost=Theme |
| 4 | **look** | gerund | Flowers and leaves *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a single huge branch of coral | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **shine** | past | the moon |  |  | the twigs |  | clear *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among twig=Location |
| 6 | **is** | past | moon |  |  |  |  | with little Emily; divide *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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