---
title: Spring went by, and summer drew towards its close; autumn came; but… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Spring went by, and summer drew towards its close; autumn came; but he had not decided. Who acts: Spring, summer, autumn, marriage. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Butterfly, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Butterfly, sentence 34

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Spring went by, and summer drew towards its close; autumn came; but he had not decided.

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**Who acts:** Spring, summer, autumn, marriage · **What happens:** go by, draw, come, not decide

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Butterfly. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spring, summer, autumn, marriage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:15:34
# text = Spring went by, and summer drew towards its close; autumn came; but he had not decided.
1	Spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	towards	towards	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	decided	decide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go by** | past | Spring |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **draw** | past | summer |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** | past | autumn |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **decide** | past · perfect | marriage |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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