---
title: He certainly had friends, young artists, like himself, young in spir… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: He certainly had friends, young artists, like himself, young in spirit, young in hopes and thoughts; they told him he was rich in talent, and an artist, but that he was foolish for having no faith in his own power; for he always broke what he had fashioned out of clay, and never completed anything; 
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Psyche, sentence 16

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He certainly had friends, young artists, like himself, young in spirit, young in hopes and thoughts; they told him he was rich in talent, and an artist, but that he was foolish for having no faith in his own power; for he always broke what he had fashioned out of clay, and never completed anything; and a work must be completed if it is to be seen and to bring money.

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**Who acts:** art, friends · **What happens:** have, tell, be, break, not complete, complete · **To what, where:** friends, art, talent, faith, own power, anything · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Psyche. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (art, friends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:151:16
# text = He certainly had friends, young artists, like himself, young in spirit, young in hopes and thoughts; they told him he was rich in talent, and an artist, but that he was foolish for having no faith in his own power; for he always broke what he had fashioned out of clay, and never completed anything; and a work must be completed if it is to be seen and to bring money.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	artists	artist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	hopes	hope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	thoughts	thought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	iobj	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	ccomp	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	talent	talent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	artist	artist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
35	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
36	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	39	mark	_	_
37	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
38	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
39	foolish	foolish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	_
40	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
41	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	39	advcl	_	_
42	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	43	det	_	_
43	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obj	_	_
44	in	in	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
46	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	52	punct	_	_
49	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	52	mark	_	_
50	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
51	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	52	advmod	_	_
52	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
53	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	52	obj	_	_
54	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	55	nsubj	_	_
55	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	53	acl:relcl	_	_
56	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	xcomp	_	_
57	out	out	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
59	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
61	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	63	cc	_	_
62	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	63	advmod	_	_
63	completed	complete	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	52	conj	_	_
64	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	63	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	71	punct	_	_
66	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	71	cc	_	_
67	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
68	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	nsubj:pass	_	_
69	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	71	aux	_	_
70	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	71	aux:pass	_	_
71	completed	complete	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
72	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	77	mark	_	_
73	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	77	nsubj:pass	_	_
74	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	77	aux:pass	_	_
75	to	to	PART	TO	_	77	mark	_	_
76	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	77	aux:pass	_	_
77	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	71	advcl	_	_
78	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	80	cc	_	_
79	to	to	PART	TO	_	80	mark	_	_
80	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	77	conj	_	_
81	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	80	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
82	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | art | friends and young artists |  |  |  | like art; certainly *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | friends *= friend* |  | art |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | past | art |  |  | talent |  | rich *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | art |  |  |  |  | foolish *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **have** | gerund | art *not said here* | no faith |  | art's own power |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent faith=Patient |
| 6 | **break** | past | art |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Patient |
| 7 | **have** | past | art |  |  |  |  | fashioned *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **not** **complete** | past | art *not said here* | anything |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Eventuality |
| 9 | **complete** | must · passive |  | a work |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 10 | **see** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | work |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 11 | **bring** | to-infinitive |  | money |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent money=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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