---
title: He had enough to live upon, and something to spare; but owing to his… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: He had enough to live upon, and something to spare; but owing to his refined tastes the least thing in the world annoyed him. Who acts: man, something. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, A Cheerful Temper, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, A Cheerful Temper, sentence 25

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He had enough to live upon, and something to spare; but owing to his refined tastes the least thing in the world annoyed him.

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**Who acts:** man, something · **What happens:** have, live, spare, owe, refine, taste · **To what, where:** something, least thing, world

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, A Cheerful Temper. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, something), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:16:25
# text = He had enough to live upon, and something to spare; but owing to his refined tastes the least thing in the world annoyed him.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	spare	spare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	owing	owe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	refined	refine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	mark	_	_
18	tastes	taste	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	ccomp	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	21	amod	_	_
21	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	annoyed	annoyed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	appos	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | man | something |  |  |  | enough *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | to-infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **spare** | to-infinitive | man *not said here* | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn bill-54.5 «NP V NP NP.asset»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **owe** | gerund | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **refine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **taste** | present | man *not said here* | the least thing |  | the world |  |  | vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent thing=Theme in world=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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