---
title: He was shivering with cold; if he had not been let in, he would cert… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: He was shivering with cold; if he had not been let in, he would certainly have perished in the storm. Who acts: creature. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Saucy Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Saucy Boy, sentence 9

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He was shivering with cold; if he had not been let in, he would certainly have perished in the storm.

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**Who acts:** creature · **What happens:** shiver, not let in, perish · **To what, where:** creature, storm

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Saucy Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (creature), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:164:9
# text = He was shivering with cold; if he had not been let in, he would certainly have perished in the storm.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	shivering	shiver	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	let	let	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
17	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux	_	_
19	perished	perish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	parataxis	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shiver** | past · progressive | creature |  |  |  |  | with cold | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **let in** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · perfect · passive |  | creature |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **perish** | would · perfect · passive |  | creature |  | the storm |  | certainly *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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