---
title: This learned man from the cold regions was young as well as clever;… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: This learned man from the cold regions was young as well as clever; but it seemed to him as if he were sitting in an oven, and he became quite exhausted and weak, and grew so thin that his shadow shrivelled up, and became much smaller than it had been at home. Who acts: This, man, it, shadow. A sent
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Shadow, sentence 5

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This learned man from the cold regions was young as well as clever; but it seemed to him as if he were sitting in an oven, and he became quite exhausted and weak, and grew so thin that his shadow shrivelled up, and became much smaller than it had been at home.

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**Who acts:** This, man, it, shadow · **What happens:** learn, be, seem, sit, become, exhaust · **To what, where:** man, oven · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Shadow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, man, it, shadow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:165:5
# text = This learned man from the cold regions was young as well as clever; but it seemed to him as if he were sitting in an oven, and he became quite exhausted and weak, and grew so thin that his shadow shrivelled up, and became much smaller than it had been at home.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
10	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	13	cc	_	_
11	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	fixed	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
13	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	_
20	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	xcomp	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	oven	oven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
32	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	xcomp	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
39	so	so	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	xcomp	_	_
41	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	44	mark	_	_
42	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
43	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	_
44	shrivelled	shrivell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	advcl	_	_
45	up	up	ADP	RP	_	44	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	conj	_	_
49	much	much	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
50	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	48	xcomp	_	_
51	than	than	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
52	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	nsubj	_	_
53	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	56	aux	_	_
54	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	56	cop	_	_
55	at	at	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | This |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | man from the cold regions |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | man from the cold regions *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **seem** | past | it |  | man |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 5 | **sit** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · progressive | man |  |  | a oven |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in oven=Location |
| 6 | **become** | past | man |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **exhaust** | participle | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 8 | **grow** | past |  |  |  |  |  | thin *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **shrivell up** | past | man's shadow |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **become** | past |  |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 11 | **is** | past · perfect | shadow |  |  |  |  | than home | tree rules |
| 12 | **shadow** |  | man |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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