---
title: She sunk down, and the spectre covered her with a black cloak; night… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: She sunk down, and the spectre covered her with a black cloak; night closed around her, the night of death. Who acts: expression, spectre. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Child in the Grave, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Child in the Grave, sentence 43

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She sunk down, and the spectre covered her with a black cloak; night closed around her, the night of death.

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**Who acts:** expression, spectre · **What happens:** sink down, cover, close · **To what, where:** expression

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Child in the Grave. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (expression, spectre), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:17:43
# text = She sunk down, and the spectre covered her with a black cloak; night closed around her, the night of death.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sunk	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	spectre	spectre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
17	around	around	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl:unmarked	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink down** | past | expression |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **cover** | past | the spectre |  | expression |  |  | with a black cloak | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent she=Destination with cloak=Theme |
| 3 | **close** | participle |  |  |  |  | night | around expression | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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