---
title: The little boy was frightened and sprang from the chair; at the same… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: The little boy was frightened and sprang from the chair; at the same moment it seemed as if a large bird flew by the window. Who acts: it, large bird. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, A Little Boy and a Little Girl, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, A Little Boy and a Little Girl, sentence 30

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The little boy was frightened and sprang from the chair; at the same moment it seemed as if a large bird flew by the window.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, large bird · **What happens:** frighten, spring, seem, fly · **To what, where:** little boy, chair

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, A Little Boy and a Little Girl. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, large bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:171:30
# text = The little boy was frightened and sprang from the chair; at the same moment it seemed as if a large bird flew by the window.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	frightened	frighten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sprang	spring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
19	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **frighten** | past · passive |  | the little boy |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **spring** | participle |  |  |  | the chair |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from chair=Trajectory |
| 3 | **seem** | past | it |  |  |  | moment |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **fly** | past | a large bird |  |  |  |  | by the window | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent by window=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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