---
title: His father had been at first only a cattle dealer, but always honest… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: His father had been at first only a cattle dealer, but always honest and industrious, so that he had made money, and his son, the merchant, had managed to increase his store. Who acts: father. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Children's Prattle, with its depe
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Children's Prattle, sentence 3

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His father had been at first only a cattle dealer, but always honest and industrious, so that he had made money, and his son, the merchant, had managed to increase his store.

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**Who acts:** father · **What happens:** be, make, manage, increase · **To what, where:** cattle dealer, money, son, store

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Children's Prattle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:18:3
# text = His father had been at first only a cattle dealer, but always honest and industrious, so that he had made money, and his son, the merchant, had managed to increase his store.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	obl	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	dealer	dealer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	14	advmod	_	_
14	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	appos	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	industrious	industrious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	22	mark	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	parataxis	_	_
23	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
32	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	managed	manage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	increase	increase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	xcomp	_	_
36	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	store	store	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past · perfect | father's father | a cattle dealer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past · perfect | father | money |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Product |
| 3 | **manage** | past · perfect · passive |  | father's son |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **increase** | to-infinitive |  | father's store |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer store=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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