---
title: As he looked at the old tower, he espied the ringer standing at one… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: As he looked at the old tower, he espied the ringer standing at one of the narrow openings, with his little pointed red cap on his head, and shading his eyes from the sun with his bent arm. Who acts: John, ringer. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Travelli
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Travelling Companion, part 1, sentence 33

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As he looked at the old tower, he espied the ringer standing at one of the narrow openings, with his little pointed red cap on his head, and shading his eyes from the sun with his bent arm.

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**Who acts:** John, ringer · **What happens:** look, espy, stand, shade · **To what, where:** ringer, eyes

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Travelling Companion, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (John, ringer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:196:33
# text = As he looked at the old tower, he espied the ringer standing at one of the narrow openings, with his little pointed red cap on his head, and shading his eyes from the sun with his bent arm.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	espied	espy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ringer	ringer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	openings	opening	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
23	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
24	pointed	pointed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	shading	shade	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	conj	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
35	from	from	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
38	with	with	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
40	bent	bent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | John |  |  |  |  | at the old tower | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at tower=Theme |
| 2 | **espy** | past | John | the ringer |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ringer=Stimulus |
| 3 | **stand** | gerund | the ringer *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at one of the narrow openings with John's little pointed red cap on John's head | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at one=Location |
| 4 | **shade** | gerund | the ringer *not said here* | John's eyes |  |  |  | with John's bent arm; from the sun | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent eye=Beneficiary from sun=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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