---
title: "How dark the sky is becoming," said John; "and look at those thick,… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: "How dark the sky is becoming," said John; "and look at those thick, heavy clouds." Who acts: dark sky, John. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Travelling Companion, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Travelling Companion, part 1, sentence 99

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"How dark the sky is becoming," said John; "and look at those thick, heavy clouds."

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**Who acts:** dark sky, John · **What happens:** become, say, look · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Travelling Companion, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dark sky, John), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:196:99
# text = "How dark the sky is becoming," said John; "and look at those thick, heavy clouds."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
3	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
17	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
18	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** *in a quote* | present · progressive | the dark sky |  |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | John |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **look** *in a quote* | infinitive | John *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at that thick heavy clouds | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at cloud=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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