---
title: "I presume you have never heard of what is called 'European necessit… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: "I presume you have never heard of what is called 'European necessity?'" observed the honest Measuring Tape. " Who acts: elder, you. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Two Maidens, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Two Maidens, sentence 18

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"I presume you have never heard of what is called 'European necessity?'" observed the honest Measuring Tape. "

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**Who acts:** elder, you · **What happens:** presume, not hear, call, observe · **To what, where:** European necessity, honest Measuring Tape · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Two Maidens. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elder, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:200:18
# text = "I presume you have never heard of what is called 'European necessity?'" observed the honest Measuring Tape. "
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	presume	presume	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	ccomp	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	necessity	necessity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
18	observed	observe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	Measuring	measuring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Tape	tape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **presume** *in a quote* | infinitive | the elder *= elder* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **hear** *in a quote* | present · perfect | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **call** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | European necessity |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 4 | **observe** | past | you *not said here* | the honest Measuring Tape |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent tape=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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