--- title: It would be very sad, were I to relate all the misery and privations… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics description: It would be very sad, were I to relate all the misery and privations which the poor little duckling endured during the hard winter; but when it had passed, he found himself lying one morning in a moor, amongst the rushes. Who acts: creature, I, poor little duckling, door. A sentence of «Fairy Tales --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/201/152/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/) / [The Ugly Duckling](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/201/) / 152 # Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Ugly Duckling, sentence 152 It would be very sad, were I to relate all the misery and privations which the poor little duckling endured during the hard winter; but when it had passed, he found himself lying one morning in a moor, amongst the rushes. **Who acts:** creature, I, poor little duckling, door · **What happens:** be, relate, endure, pass, find, lie · **To what, where:** misery, privations, creature, door, moor This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Ugly Duckling. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (creature, I, poor little duckling, door), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg27200:201:152 # text = It would be very sad, were I to relate all the misery and privations which the poor little duckling endured during the hard winter; but when it had passed, he found himself lying one morning in a moor, amongst the rushes. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 2 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 3 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 5 cop _ _ 4 very very ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 sad sad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 7 were be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 8 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 relate relate VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 advcl _ _ 11 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 13 det:predet _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 misery misery NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 privations privation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 16 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 21 obj _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 18 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 19 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 duckling duckling NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 endured endure VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 acl:relcl _ _ 22 during during ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 27 but but CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 28 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 31 advmod _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 30 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 34 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ _ 35 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 34 obj _ _ 36 lying lie VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 34 xcomp _ _ 37 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 38 nummod _ _ 38 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl:unmarked _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 moor moor NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 43 amongst amongst ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 rushes rush NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 46 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | would | creature | | | | | sad *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | past | I | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **relate** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | all misery and privations | | | | | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent misery=Theme | | 4 | **endure** | past | the poor little duckling | privations | | | winter | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme which=Circumstance | | 5 | **pass** | past · perfect · passive | | creature | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory | | 6 | **find** | past | door | door | | | | amongst the rushes | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent himself=Attribute clause=Theme | | 7 | **lie** | gerund | door *not said here* | | | a moor | morning | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in moor=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 151](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/201/151/) - next →: [sentence 153](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/201/153/) - ↑ back to [The Ugly Duckling](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/201/)