---
title: Then they threw more bread and cake into the water, and said, "The n… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Then they threw more bread and cake into the water, and said, "The new one is the most beautiful of all; he is so young and pretty." Who acts: swans, new one, water. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Ugly Duckling, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Ugly Duckling, sentence 170

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then they threw more bread and cake into the water, and said, "The new one is the most beautiful of all; he is so young and pretty."

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** swans, new one, water · **What happens:** throw, say, be · **To what, where:** more bread, water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Ugly Duckling. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (swans, new one, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:201:170
# text = Then they threw more bread and cake into the water, and said, "The new one is the most beautiful of all; he is so young and pretty."
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	22	advmod	_	_
22	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	ccomp	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
28	so	so	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	pretty	pretty	ADV	RB	_	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | swans *= swan* | more bread and cake |  |  | then | into the water *result* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer bread=Theme into water=Result |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | swans *= swan* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the new one |  |  |  |  | of all; beautiful *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | water |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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