---
title: The leaves were falling from the trees; and, by the time he arrived… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: The leaves were falling from the trees; and, by the time he arrived at his new master's in the great metropolis, he was wet through. Who acts: leaves, nearer, new master. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Under the Willow-tree, part 1, with its dependency tree
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Under the Willow-tree, part 1, sentence 64

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The leaves were falling from the trees; and, by the time he arrived at his new master's in the great metropolis, he was wet through.

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**Who acts:** leaves, nearer, new master · **What happens:** fall, arrive, be · **To what, where:** trees, time, great metropolis

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Under the Willow-tree, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leaves, nearer, new master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:202:64
# text = The leaves were falling from the trees; and, by the time he arrived at his new master's in the great metropolis, he was wet through.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	metropolis	metropolis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
29	through	through	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past · progressive | the leaves |  |  | the trees |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from tree=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **arrive** | past | nearer *= near* | the time *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | nearer's new master |  |  | the great metropolis |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | nearer *= near* |  |  |  | time | through, wet *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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