---
title: Above him was the blue sky; below him, the city and the wide-spreadi… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Above him was the blue sky; below him, the city and the wide-spreading plains of Lombardy; and towards the north, the lofty mountains, covered with perpetual snow. Who acts: master. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Under the Willow-tree, part 2, with its depe
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Under the Willow-tree, part 2, sentence 101

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Above him was the blue sky; below him, the city and the wide-spreading plains of Lombardy; and towards the north, the lofty mountains, covered with perpetual snow.

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**Who acts:** master · **What happens:** be, spread, cover · **To what, where:** blue sky, lofty mountains

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Under the Willow-tree, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:203:101
# text = Above him was the blue sky; below him, the city and the wide-spreading plains of Lombardy; and towards the north, the lofty mountains, covered with perpetual snow.
1	Above	above	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	below	below	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
15	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	amod	_	_
18	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Lombardy	Lombardy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
23	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	lofty	lofty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	acl	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | master |  |  | the blue sky |  | below Knud | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cover** | participle |  | the lofty mountains *not said here* |  |  |  | with perpetual snow | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with snow=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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