---
title: The stars shone in the sky above him, and down in the valley lights… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: The stars shone in the sky above him, and down in the valley lights glittered like stars, as if another sky were beneath him; but his head was dizzy and his feet stumbled, and he felt ill. Who acts: stars, valley lights, sky, head. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Ande
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Under the Willow-tree, part 3, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stars shone in the sky above him, and down in the valley lights glittered like stars, as if another sky were beneath him; but his head was dizzy and his feet stumbled, and he felt ill.

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**Who acts:** stars, valley lights, sky, head, feet, snow · **What happens:** shine, glitter, be, stumble, feel · **To what, where:** sky

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Under the Willow-tree, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stars, valley lights, sky, head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:204:16
# text = The stars shone in the sky above him, and down in the valley lights glittered like stars, as if another sky were beneath him; but his head was dizzy and his feet stumbled, and he felt ill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	above	above	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	glittered	glitter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
20	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
21	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
22	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	det	_	_
23	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
28	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	dizzy	dizzy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nsubj	_	_
36	stumbled	stumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
39	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
40	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
41	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | past | the stars |  |  | the sky |  | above snow | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sky=Location |
| 2 | **glitter** | past | the valley lights |  |  |  |  | like stars; down *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | another sky |  |  |  |  | beneath snow | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | snow's head |  |  |  |  | dizzy *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **stumble** | past | snow's feet |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **feel** | past | snow |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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