---
title: The lights in the valley grew brighter and brighter, and more numero… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: The lights in the valley grew brighter and brighter, and more numerous, and he could see them moving to and fro, and then he understood that there must be a village in the distance; so he exerted his failing strength to reach it, and at length obtained shelter in a humble lodging. Who acts: lights, 
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Under the Willow-tree, part 3, sentence 17

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lights in the valley grew brighter and brighter, and more numerous, and he could see them moving to and fro, and then he understood that there must be a village in the distance; so he exerted his failing strength to reach it, and at length obtained shelter in a humble lodging.

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**Who acts:** lights, light, village · **What happens:** grow, see, move, fro, understand, be · **To what, where:** feet, failing strength, strength · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Under the Willow-tree, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lights, light, village), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:204:17
# text = The lights in the valley grew brighter and brighter, and more numerous, and he could see them moving to and fro, and then he understood that there must be a village in the distance; so he exerted his failing strength to reach it, and at length obtained shelter in a humble lodging.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	brighter	bright	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	brighter	bright	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	13	advmod	_	_
13	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	parataxis	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	advcl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	fro	fro	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	28	advmod	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	understood	understand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
30	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	32	expl	_	_
31	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	ccomp	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	so	so	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
40	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	exerted	exert	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
42	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
43	failing	fail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	44	amod	_	_
44	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obj	_	_
45	to	to	PART	TO	_	46	mark	_	_
46	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	advcl	_	_
47	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
50	at	at	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
52	obtained	obtain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	53	amod	_	_
53	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obj	_	_
54	in	in	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
55	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
56	humble	humble	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
57	lodging	lodging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | the lights in the valley |  |  |  |  | bright *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | could | light | feet *= foot* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 3 | **move** | gerund | light *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **fro** | infinitive | light *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **understand** | past | light |  |  |  | then |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **be** | must | a village in the distance |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **exert** | past | light | light's failing strength |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Theme |
| 8 | **fail** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **reach** | to-infinitive | light *not said here* | strength |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 10 | **obtain** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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