---
title: The lake was so clear that, had not the wind rustled the branches of… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: The lake was so clear that, had not the wind rustled the branches of the trees and the bushes, so that they moved, they would have appeared as if painted in the depths of the lake; for every leaf was reflected in the water, whether it stood in the shade or the sunshine. Who acts: lake, wind, winds. 
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 1, sentence 52

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lake was so clear that, had not the wind rustled the branches of the trees and the bushes, so that they moved, they would have appeared as if painted in the depths of the lake; for every leaf was reflected in the water, whether it stood in the shade or the sunshine.

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**Who acts:** lake, wind, winds · **What happens:** be, not rustle, move, appear, paint, reflect · **To what, where:** branches, depths, water, shade

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lake, wind, winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:208:52
# text = The lake was so clear that, had not the wind rustled the branches of the trees and the bushes, so that they moved, they would have appeared as if painted in the depths of the lake; for every leaf was reflected in the water, whether it stood in the shade or the sunshine.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	rustled	rustle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	25	mark	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	fixed	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
29	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	aux	_	_
30	appeared	appear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	parataxis	_	_
31	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
32	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	31	fixed	_	_
33	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	xcomp	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	depths	depth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	_
41	for	for	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	43	det	_	_
43	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	_
44	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	aux:pass	_	_
45	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
46	in	in	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
50	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	52	mark	_	_
51	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
52	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	conj	_	_
53	in	in	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	shade	shade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	obl	_	_
56	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the lake |  |  |  |  | clear *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **rustle** | past | the wind | the branches of the trees and the bushes |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location branch=Theme |
| 3 | **move** | past | winds *= wind* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **appear** | would · perfect | winds *= wind* |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 5 | **paint** | participle | winds *= wind* *not said here* |  |  | the depths of the lake |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent in depth=Destination |
| 6 | **reflect** | past · passive |  |  |  | the water |  | for every leaf | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V» |
| 7 | **stand** | past | lake |  |  | the shade or the sunshine |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shade=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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