---
title: As the sun rose higher, Eliza saw before her, floating on the air, a… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: As the sun rose higher, Eliza saw before her, floating on the air, a range of mountains, with shining masses of ice on their summits. Who acts: sun, Eliza. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 2, sentence 40

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As the sun rose higher, Eliza saw before her, floating on the air, a range of mountains, with shining masses of ice on their summits.

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**Who acts:** sun, Eliza · **What happens:** rise, see, float, shine · **To what, where:** air, masses, summits

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, Eliza), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:209:40
# text = As the sun rose higher, Eliza saw before her, floating on the air, a range of mountains, with shining masses of ice on their summits.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
5	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	Eliza	Eliza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	floating	float	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
24	masses	mass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	summits	summit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | past | the sun |  |  |  |  | high *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | past | Eliza |  |  |  | before air |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **float** | gerund | Eliza *not said here* |  |  | the air and a range of mountains |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on air=Trajectory |
| 4 | **shine** | gerund | Eliza *not said here* | masses of ice |  | swans's summits |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mass=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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