---
title: The frozen snow crackled under foot, and was quite firm enough to be… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: The frozen snow crackled under foot, and was quite firm enough to bear the sparrows, who hopped upon it in the morning dawn. Who acts: frozen snow, sparrows. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Story of the Year, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Story of the Year, sentence 10

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The frozen snow crackled under foot, and was quite firm enough to bear the sparrows, who hopped upon it in the morning dawn.

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**Who acts:** frozen snow, sparrows · **What happens:** freeze, crackle, be, bear, hop · **To what, where:** frozen snow, foot, sparrows

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Story of the Year. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (frozen snow, sparrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:214:10
# text = The frozen snow crackled under foot, and was quite firm enough to bear the sparrows, who hopped upon it in the morning dawn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	crackled	crackle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	firm	firm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
12	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	hopped	hop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **crackle** | participle |  | the frozen snow *not said here* |  | foot |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under foot=Location |
| 3 | **is** | past | the frozen snow |  |  |  |  | enough, firm *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **bear** | to-infinitive | the frozen snow *not said here* | the sparrows |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sparrow=Patient |
| 5 | **hop** | past | the sparrows |  |  | foot | dawn |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon it=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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