---
title: The sunshine became warmer, the snow melted, and the birds twittered… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: The sunshine became warmer, the snow melted, and the birds twittered, "Spring is coming!" Who acts: sunshine, snow, birds, Spring. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Story of the Year, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Story of the Year, sentence 157

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The sunshine became warmer, the snow melted, and the birds twittered, "Spring is coming!"

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**Who acts:** sunshine, snow, birds, Spring · **What happens:** become, melt, twitter, come · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Story of the Year. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sunshine, snow, birds, Spring), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:214:157
# text = The sunshine became warmer, the snow melted, and the birds twittered, "Spring is coming!"
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	warmer	warm	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	melted	melt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	twittered	twitter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the sunshine |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **melt** | past | the snow |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **twitter** | past | the birds |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **come** *in a quote* | present · progressive | Spring |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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