---
title: "And the years roll by; they have no lack of dark days, but you have… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: "And the years roll by; they have no lack of dark days, but you have your cheerful young spirit, and you have gained a friend--you know not how. Who acts: years, people, you. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, By the Almshouse Window, with its dependency tree a
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/3/21/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/) / [By the Almshouse Window](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/3/) / 21

# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, By the Almshouse Window, sentence 21

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"And the years roll by; they have no lack of dark days, but you have your cheerful young spirit, and you have gained a friend--you know not how.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** years, people, you · **What happens:** roll, have, gain, not know, lack · **To what, where:** lack, cheerful young spirit, friend, dark days

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, By the Almshouse Window. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (years, people, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:3:21
# text = "And the years roll by; they have no lack of dark days, but you have your cheerful young spirit, and you have gained a friend--you know not how.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	roll	roll	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
19	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
20	cheerful	cheerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	gained	gain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
33	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	32	advmod	_	_
34	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	32	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** *in a quote* | present | the years |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | present | people | no lack of dark days |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lack=Patient |
| 3 | **have** *in a quote* | present | you | your cheerful young spirit |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spirit=Patient |
| 4 | **gain** *in a quote* | present · perfect | you | a friend |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **know** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **lack** *in a quote* |  |  | dark days |  |  |  |  | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/3/20/)
- next →: [sentence 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/3/22/)
- ↑ back to [By the Almshouse Window](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/3/)