---
title: It is winter now," thought the tree, "the ground is hard and covered… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: It is winter now," thought the tree, "the ground is hard and covered with snow, so that people cannot plant me. Who acts: sight, ground, people. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Fir Tree, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Fir Tree, sentence 102

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It is winter now," thought the tree, "the ground is hard and covered with snow, so that people cannot plant me.

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**Who acts:** sight, ground, people · **What happens:** be, think, cover, not plant · **To what, where:** winter, tree, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Fir Tree. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sight, ground, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:33:102
# text = It is winter now," thought the tree, "the ground is hard and covered with snow, so that people cannot plant me.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
7	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	26	mark	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	fixed	_	_
23	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
24	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	plant	plant	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	_
27	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | sight | winter |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* *in a quote* | past |  | the tree |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent tree=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | the ground |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **cover** | participle | the ground *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with snow | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with snow=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **plant** | can | people | me |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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