---
title: She lay on the sofa asleep, and she was so beautiful that the mercha… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: She lay on the sofa asleep, and she was so beautiful that the merchant's son could not help kissing her. Who acts: princess, son. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Flying Trunk, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Flying Trunk, sentence 19

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She lay on the sofa asleep, and she was so beautiful that the merchant's son could not help kissing her.

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**Who acts:** princess, son · **What happens:** lie, be, not help, kiss · **To what, where:** sofa, princess

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Flying Trunk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (princess, son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:35:19
# text = She lay on the sofa asleep, and she was so beautiful that the merchant's son could not help kissing her.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
18	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
21	kissing	kiss	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	xcomp	_	_
22	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | princess |  |  | the sofa |  | asleep *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on sofa=Location |
| 2 | **is** | past | princess |  |  |  |  | beautiful *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **help** | could | the merchant's son |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **kiss** *not said to happen* | gerund | the merchant's son *not said here* | princess |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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