---
title: It was a leaf torn out of an old book, a book that ought not to have… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: It was a leaf torn out of an old book, a book that ought not to have been torn up, for it was full of poetry. Who acts: cheese, leaf. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Goblin and the Huckster, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Goblin and the Huckster, sentence 7

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It was a leaf torn out of an old book, a book that ought not to have been torn up, for it was full of poetry.

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**Who acts:** cheese, leaf · **What happens:** be, tear out, not tear up · **To what, where:** leaf, old book, book

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Goblin and the Huckster. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cheese, leaf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:38:7
# text = It was a leaf torn out of an old book, a book that ought not to have been torn up, for it was full of poetry.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	obj	_	_
15	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux	_	_
19	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
21	up	up	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	poetry	poetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | cheese | a leaf |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tear out** | participle | a leaf *not said here* | a old book |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location book=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **tear up** | ought · perfect · passive | a leaf *not said here* | a book |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: that=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | cheese |  |  |  |  | of poetry; full *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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