---
title: And many a night he had to sleep under the open sky, wet through wit… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: And many a night he had to sleep under the open sky, wet through with the driving rain or the falling mist; but his good humor never forsook him. Who acts: canteen, good humor. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Golden Treasure, with its dependency tree and
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Golden Treasure, sentence 61

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And many a night he had to sleep under the open sky, wet through with the driving rain or the falling mist; but his good humor never forsook him.

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**Who acts:** canteen, good humor · **What happens:** have, sleep, fall, not forsake, humor · **To what, where:** open sky, canteen

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Golden Treasure. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (canteen, good humor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:39:61
# text = And many a night he had to sleep under the open sky, wet through with the driving rain or the falling mist; but his good humor never forsook him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	under	under	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
15	through	through	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	driving	driving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	amod	_	_
23	mist	mist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
27	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	humor	humor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
29	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
30	forsook	forsake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
31	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | canteen |  |  |  | night |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | canteen *not said here* |  |  | the open sky |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **forsake** | past | canteen's good humor | canteen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **humor** |  | canteen |  |  |  |  |  | nom humor «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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