---
title: Meteors are easily explained in these days; they are northern lights… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: Meteors are easily explained in these days; they are northern lights, which are often seen, and are no doubt caused by electricity." Who acts: houses. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, What Happened to the Counsellor, with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, What Happened to the Counsellor, sentence 71

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Meteors are easily explained in these days; they are northern lights, which are often seen, and are no doubt caused by electricity."

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**Who acts:** houses · **What happens:** explain, be, see, cause · **To what, where:** Meteors, northern lights, doubt

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This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, What Happened to the Counsellor. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (houses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:41:71
# text = Meteors are easily explained in these days; they are northern lights, which are often seen, and are no doubt caused by electricity."
1	Meteors	meteor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	explained	explain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
16	often	often	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	22	det	_	_
22	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | Meteors |  |  | day | easily *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | houses *= house* | northern lights |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** | present · passive |  | northern lights |  |  |  | often *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is a** | present |  | no doubt |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **cause** | participle |  | no doubt *not said here* |  |  |  | by electricity | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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