---
title: His head ached, his back was stiff, and the blood had ceased to circ… — Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen · tree and pragmatics
description: His head ached, his back was stiff, and the blood had ceased to circulate, so that his feet were swelled and pinched by his boots. Who acts: head, back. A sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Best Thing the Goloshes Did, with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Best Thing the Goloshes Did, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His head ached, his back was stiff, and the blood had ceased to circulate, so that his feet were swelled and pinched by his boots.

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**Who acts:** head, back · **What happens:** ache, be, cease, circulate, swell, pinch · **To what, where:** blood, feet

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Best Thing the Goloshes Did. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (head, back), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg27200:45:10
# text = His head ached, his back was stiff, and the blood had ceased to circulate, so that his feet were swelled and pinched by his boots.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ached	ache	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	ceased	cease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	circulate	circulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	23	mark	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	swelled	swell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	parataxis	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	pinched	pinch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	_
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ache** | past | Switzerland's head |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | Switzerland's back |  |  |  |  | stiff *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cease** | past · perfect · passive |  | the blood |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **circulate** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **swell** | past · passive |  | Switzerland's feet |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: subject=Extent |
| 6 | **pinch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by Switzerland's boots | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent by boot=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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